We've The Prison Policy Initiative has added 23 new reports to the research library:

• Where Pretrial Improvements Are Happening by Pretrial Justice Institute, January, 2019
  "There are many ways jurisdictions can improve pretrial systems and the outcomes they produce without introducing new laws or amending state constitutions. Simply changing practice within existing legal structures can create immediate and positive results." Categories: Pretrial Detention
• The Wisconsin Community Corrections Story by Columbia University Justice Lab, January, 2019
  "Wisconsin serves as a good example of a place where parole and probation supervision are contributing to a prison population that is highly racially disparate and growing." Categories: Probation and parole
• Every Three Seconds: Unlocking Police Data on Arrests by Vera Institute of Justice, January, 2019
  "Across the United States, an arrest occurs every three seconds." Categories: Police and Policing
• Juvenile Arrests, 2016 by Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, December, 2018
  "Juvenile arrests have been on the decline for more than a decade, but patterns vary by offense and demographic group." Categories: Youth
• Potential drivers of HIV acquisition in African-American women related to mass incarceration: An agent-based modelling study by Joella Adams et al, December, 2018
  "Using Philadelphia as a case study, we found that the mass incarceration of African American men can substantially increase the number of HIV transmissions to African American women within the community." Categories: Health impact
• Undue Influence: A Prosecutor's Role in Parole Proceeding by R. Michael Cassidy, September, 2018
  Prosecutors should ordinarily refrain from personally testifying at parole hearings, and should submit written comments to the parole board only in rare situations. Categories: Probation and parole
• Jail Inmates in 2016 by Bureau of Justice Statistics, February, 2018
  "At midyear 2016, about 740,700 inmates were confined in county and city jails in the United States." Categories: Jails
• State of Phone Justice: Local jails, state prisons and private phone providers by Prison Policy Initiative, February, 2018
  Charging pretrial defendants high phone rates punishes people who are legally innocent, drives up costs for their appointed counsel, and makes it harder for them to contact family members and others who might help them post bail or build their defense. Categories: Jails
• Evaluating the Impacts of Eliminating Prosecutorial Requests for Cash Bail by Aurelie Ouss and Megan T. Stevenson, February, 2018
  "In spite of this large decrease in the fraction of defendants having monetary incentives to show up to court, we detect no change in failure-to-appear in court or in recidivism." Categories: Pretrial Detention
• Compassionate Release Policy Reform: Physicians as Advocates for Human Dignity by Andreas Mitchell and Brie Williams, September, 2017
  "Physicians can help generate political momentum toward policy analysis and change, contribute medical expertise toward the structuring of scientifically sound compassionate release policies, and advocate directly for their incarcerated patients." Categories: Recidivism and Reentry Sentencing Policy and Practices
• Confronting California's Continuing Prison Crisis: The Prevalence And Severity Of Mental Illness Among California Prisoners On The Rise by Stanford Justice Advocacy Project, May, 2017
  "While the overall state prison population has decreased dramatically, the percentage of state prisoners with mental illness has increased by 77 percent." Categories: Mental Health
• Health Insurance Trends and Access to Behavioral Healthcare Among Justice-Involved Individuals--United States, 2008-2014 by Tyler N. A. Winkelman et al, December, 2016
  High uninsurance rates, lack of care coordination, and poor access to high quality behavioral health treatment are critical public health issues given the prevalence of mental health and substance use disorders among justice-involved individuals. Categories: Health impact
• The Overrepresentation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Questioning, Gender Nonconforming and Transgender Youth Within the Child Welfare to Juvenile Justice Crossover Population by Angela Irvine and Aisha Canfield, April, 2016
  The experience of crossing from the child welfare system to the juvenile justice system is important to think about because it is a measure of the heightened vulnerability and marginalization of LGBQ/GNCT youth, especially LGBQ/GNCT youth of color. Categories: LGBT
• Guidelines for Indigent Defense Caseloads: A Report to the Texas Indigent Defense Commission by Public Policy Research Institute, January, 2015
  The problems in providing criminal defense representation for the indigent in state courts are well documented. But of all the difficulties, none has proven more vexing than outrageously high caseloads of public defenders and sometimes private lawyers. Categories: Trials
• Why It's Inappropriate Not to Treat Incarcerated Patients with Opioid Agonist Therapy by Sarah E. Wakeman, 2015
  "In addition to not offering treatment initiation for those who need it, most correctional facilities forcibly withdraw stable patients from opioid agonist therapy upon their entry into the criminal justice system." Categories: Health impact
• Unlocking the Black Box: How the Prosecutorial Transparency Act Will Empower Communities and Help End Mass Incarceration by ACLU, 2015
  We cannot end mass incarceration until we transform the practices of prosecutors. This requires a far more complete picture of how they are making their decisions as well as the direct impact of those decisions on individuals and communities. Categories: Trials
• The Price They Pay: Protecting the Mother-Child Relationship Through the Use of Prison Nurseries and Residential Parenting Programs by Anne E. Jbara, October, 2012
  "Based on the emotional and cognitive benefits for both mothers and babies, the prison nursery program is a worthwhile addition to the prison system in the United States." Categories: Women Health impact
• The Unfair Criminalization of Gay and Transgender Youth: An Overview of the Experiences of LGBT Youth in the Juvenile Justice System by Center for American Progress, June, 2012
  "Gay, transgender, and gender nonconforming youth are significantly over-represented in the juvenile justice system--approximately 300,000 gay and transgender youth are arrested and/or detained each year, of which more than 60 percent are black or Latino." Categories: LGBT
• Mothers, Infants and Imprisonment: A National Look at Prison Nurseries and Community-Based Alternatives by Institute on Women & Criminal Justice, May, 2009
  "Between 1977 and 2007, the number of women in prison in the United States increased by 832 percent." Categories: Women Health impact
• A randomized clinical trial of methadone maintenance for prisoners: Findings at 6 months post-release by Michael S. Gordon et al., August, 2008
  "This study suggests that methadone maintenance treatment, provided to prisoners with histories of heroin addiction, may be an effective intervention for interrupting the cycle of relapse often experienced by individuals with heroin addiction histories." Categories: Health impact
• A Study of Methadone Maintenance For Male Prisoners: 3-Month Postrelease Outcomes by Timothy W. Kinlock et al, July, 2008
  "Participants who received prison-initiated maintenance treatment were significantly more likely to enter community-based treatment than were inmates who received either information on how to access drug abuse treatment after release or counseling only" Categories: Health impact
• Perinatal Needs of Pregnant, Incarcerated Women by Barbara A. Hotelling, April, 2008
  "Pregnant prisoners have health-care needs that are minimally met by prison systems." Categories: Women Health impact
• Release from Prison -- A High Risk of Death for Former Inmates by Ingrid A. Binswanger et al., January, 2007
  "During the first 2 weeks after release from the Washington State Department of Corrections, the risk of death among former inmates was 12.7 times that among Washington State residents of the same age, sex, and race." Categories: Health impact